Buyini Ubudlelwano Phakathi kwe-HCMOS ne-LVCMOS?
Ngokombono wokuvela kobuchwepheshe besekethe edidiyelwe kanye ne-taxonomy, i-CMOS, i-HCMOS, ne-LVCMOS ayinabo ubudlelwano obulula obufanayo noma obushintshayo. Kunalokho, bakha isistimu ye-hierarchical ehlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezici ezigqagqene.
Ubudlelwano obuyisisekelo bungachazwa kanje: I-LVCMOS ayisona isizukulwane esilandelayo-esilandela i-HCMOS, kodwa igatsha elikhulu elihlukaniswa "ngesizinda se-voltage". Mayelana nokusebenza, amadivayisi wesimanje we-LVCMOS awedlule ngokugcwele amadivayisi asekuqaleni e-HCMOS. Zombili zingezemiqondo ngezilinganiso ezihlukene futhi zihlanganiswe kakhulu kubuchwepheshe besimanje.
1. Isisekelo Esiyisisekelo: I-CMOS Technology
Ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS busebenza njengesisekelo sakho konke okuhlukile okulandelayo. Isici sayo esichazayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-P-MOS kanye ne-N-ama-MOSFET ahambisanayo ukuze enze iziguquli noma amanye amasango anengqondo, afinyelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amile ngokomcabango. Wonke amadivayisi e-HCMOS kanye ne-LVCMOS okuxoxwe ngawo lapha abelana ngalesi sici esibalulekile.
2. I-Technoloji Evolution isekelwe ku-Performance Generations (I-Primary Dimension)
Lobu bukhulu buhlukaniswa ngokwesikhathi nokusebenza, okubonisa intuthuko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza.
I-CMOS Yendabuko (isb, 4000 Series)
Izici: Ithatha izinqubo zokukhiqiza-zesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi ezinosayizi abakhulu besici namandla aphezulu e-parasitic. Inikeza ububanzi obubanzi be-voltage yokusebenza (3–15V) kodwa ihlushwa ukubambezeleka okude kokusakazwa (ngohlelo lwama-~100ns), isivinini esiphansi, nekhono lokushayela elikhiphayo elibuthakathaka.
I-HCMOS (-Isivinini se-CMOS)
Izici: Ngokwehlisa ubukhulu be-transistor ngokulinganayo, amandla e-parasitic kanye nekhono lesango lamadivayisi ancipha kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kufinyeza ukubambezeleka kokusabalalisa kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-~10ns) kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumile okuphansi. Amandla okushayela okukhiphayo nawo athuthukiswa kakhulu.
Isikhundla Sezemfundo: I-HCMOS imele indawo yomlando yobuchwepheshe. Kwamaka iphuzu lapho ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS bufinyelele khona futhi beqa isivinini somqondo ojwayelekile we-TTL ngaleso sikhathi, kwasungula izinzuzo eziphelele ze-CMOS kukho kokubili ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ummeleli wayo ojwayelekile wuchungechunge lwe-5V-elisebenzayo lwe-74HC. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-HCMOS iyisifinyezo se-High-Speed CMOS, hhayi i-High-Voltage CMOS. Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, igama elithi High-I-Voltage CMOS ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa; uma kunesidingo, kufanele ifushaniswe njenge-HVCMOS.
3. Ukuhlelwa Kwezakhiwo Ngokusekelwe Kugesi Wokuhlinzeka (Okunye Isiphambano-Ubukhulu)
Lobu bukhulu bulungiswa nge-voltage yokuhlinzeka futhi bugqine ngobukhulu obususelwe kokusebenza{{0}.
5V CMOS
Ifaka phakathi i-CMOS yendabuko yasekuqaleni kanye namadivayisi amaningi e-HCMOS (isb, uchungechunge lwe-74HC). Lesi bekuyisizinda sokuqala sikagesi esisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-CMOS{{0}I-Voltage ephansi
Incazelo: Itemu elivamile layo yonke imindeni enengqondo ye-CMOS enama-voltage okusebenza aphansi kakhulu kunezinga elingu-5V. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo kwesekhethi kuhambisana nesikwele sevolthi yokunikezela.
Izigaba ezingaphansi: I-LVCMOS iphinde ihlukaniswe nge-voltage ukuze yakhe uchungechunge lwamazinga:
3.3V (LVCMOS): isb, 74LVC series
2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 1.2V, njll.: Njengoba ama-process node ethuthuka, ama-voltage okusebenza ayaqhubeka nokuncipha.
Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwesimanje
Ukuzithoba Okungokomlando: Emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, i-HCMOS (isb, i-74HC) iyisigaba esingaphansi sokusebenza sobuchwepheshe be-CMOS.
I-Cross-I-Dimensional Overlap: I-HCMOS (isivinini esigcizelelayo) kanye ne-LVCMOS (i-voltage egcizelela) imiqondo esuselwe kumibandela yokuhlukanisa ngezigaba. I-chip eyodwa ingaba kuzo zombili izigaba ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-74HC luyi-5V HCMOS.
Uchungechunge lwe-74LVC luyi-3.3V LVCMOS, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwayo kwesivinini ngokuvamile kudlula lokho kochungechunge lwe-74HC. Ngakho, i-74LVC iyi-LVCMOS futhi ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nesici "esiphezulu-sesivinini".
I-Contemporary Integration kanye ne-Teminology Evolution:
Ezinqubweni zanamuhla ze-submicron kanye ne-deep-submicron CMOS, i-voltage ephansi isiyinto edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, wonke amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe e-CMOS asanda kuklanywa "aphansi{2}}angama-voltage".
"Isivinini-esiphezulu" akuselona ilebula engahlanganisi uchungechunge lomkhiqizo othile kuphela kodwa isici somhlaba wonke sobuchwepheshe besimanje be-CMOS. Ezinkambisweni zezemfundo nezobunjiniyela, igama elithi "HCMOS" livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ngokuvamile kuwo wonke{2}}amasekhethi e-CMOS asebenza kahle ngokususelwe ezinqubweni zesimanjemanje, futhi iningi lala masekethi liwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-LVCMOS.
Ngokuqukethwe Kwesimanje:
I-CMOS: Njengegama eliyisambulela lobuchwepheshe, kumasiginali okukhiphayo we-crystal oscillator, isho ngokuqondile-ekukhishweni kwesignali yesikwele esiphelile esisodwa.
I-HCMOS: Ngomqondo obanzi, ichaza-izibaluli zokusebenza eziphezulu zamasekethe esimanje e-CMOS.
I-LVCMOS: Ichaza ngokucacile izinga likagesi le-voltage ephansi yokusebenza.
Ngakho-ke, uma uchaza "3.3V, -isiginali ye-CMOS enesivinini esiphezulu", inkulumo enembe kakhudlwana ithi: Lesi siginali ithobelana nezinga likagesi le-LVCMOS (isb., LVC) futhi ibonisa{4}}izici zesivinini eziphezulu zezinqubo zesimanje ze-CMOS. Njengobuchwepheshe obuyingqophamlando, ifa eliwumgogodla we-HCMOS-ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza ngokukala kwenqubo{7}}lizuzwe njengefa futhi ladlulwa yibo bonke ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-LVCMOS. Le miqondo emibili ingeyezilinganiso ezihlukene ngokombono futhi ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.